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Madhur Jaffrey, CBE (born Bahadur, 13 August 1933) is an Indian-born actress, food and travel writer, and television personality. She is recognized for bringing Indian cuisine to the Western world with her debut cookbook, ''An Invitation to Indian Cooking'' (1973), which was inducted into the James Beard Foundation’s Cookbook Hall of Fame in 2006. She has written over a dozen cookbooks and appeared on several related television programs, the most notable of which was ''Madhur Jaffrey's Indian Cookery'', which premiered in the UK in 1982. She is the food consultant at ''Dawat'', considered by many food critics to be among the best Indian restaurants in New York City. She played an instrumental part in bringing together film makers James Ivory and Ismail Merchant and acted in several of their films such as ''Shakespeare Wallah'' (1965), for which she won the Silver Bear for Best Actress award at the 15th Berlin International Film Festival.〔(【引用サイトリンク】 url = https://www.berlinale.de/en/archiv/jahresarchive/1965/03_preistr_ger_1965/03_Preistraeger_1965.html )〕 She has appeared in dramas on radio, stage and television. In 2004 she was named an honorary Commander of the British Empire in recognition of her services to cultural relations between the United Kingdom, India and the United States, through her achievements in film, television and cookery. Her childhood memoir of India during the final years of the British Raj, ''Climbing the Mango Trees'', was published in 2006. == Early life == Madhur Jaffrey was born Madhur Bahadur on 13 August 1933 in Civil Lines, Delhi, into a Kayastha Hindu joint family. She is the fifth of six children of Lala Raj Bans Bahadur (1899–1974) and his wife, Kashmiran Rani (1903–1971).〔(【引用サイトリンク】 url = http://www.nawalbiharilalji.com/FC10.html )〕 Madhur's grandfather, Rai Bahadur Raj Narain (1864–1950), had built a sprawling family compound, named Number 7 Raj Narain Marg, by the Yamuna river amid fruit orchards. When Madhur was about 2 years old, her father accepted a position in a family-run concern, Ganesh Flour Mills, and moved to Kanpur as the manager of a ''vanaspati ghee'' factory there. At Kanpur, Madhur attended school at St. Mary’s Convent along with her 2 elder sisters, Lalit and Kamal. In kindergarten at the age of 5, she played the role of the brown mouse in a musical version of the ''Pied Piper of Hamelin''. The family lived in Kanpur for 8 years until her grandfather's deteriorating health caused a move back to Delhi in 1944. At Delhi, Madhur attended Queen Mary's Higher Secondary School where her history teacher, Mrs McKelvie, encouraged her to participate in school plays. Madhur played the role of Titania in William Shakespeare's play ''A Midsummer Night's Dream'' followed by the lead role in ''Robin Hood and His Merry Men''. Madhur's brothers, Brij Bans Bahadur and Krishen Bans Bahadur, who were much older than her, were enrolled in St. Stephen's College, Delhi. Every winter, St. Stephen's students put on a Shakespearean play that Madhur would watch avidly from the front row. A supporter of Mahatma Gandhi's demand for Indian independence from British rule, Madhur spent some time each day spinning ''khadi'' and delivered several large spools of thread to a central collection center in Delhi. In 1947, Madhur experienced first-hand the effects of the partition of the British Indian Empire. At school, her classmates split into two on the issue of partition; the Muslim girls supported the idea while the Hindus were against it. On August 15 she watched the transfer of power at India Gate and got a clear glimpse of Jawaharlal Nehru and Lord Mountbatten coming down Rajpath in an open horse carriage. The massive multi-directional migration that began almost immediately afterwards caused riots and killing in Delhi. The male members of her family guarded their house with guns that they had previously used only for hunting game. At school, all her Muslim classmates left without a farewell. In 1948, a few days before Mahatma Gandhi was shot dead, she attended one of his prayer meetings at Birla House and sang bhajans. She heard the news of his assassination on the radio, followed by Jawaharlal Nehru's address later that night, "the light has gone out of our lives, and there is darkness everywhere." She saw Gandhi's funeral procession at Rajpath and witnessed his cremation at Rajghat. Madhur's family primarily ate food at home, prepared by servants but supervised by the ladies of the family. They occasionally indulged in Mughlai cuisine bought in the bylanes of Old Delhi, like ''bedvi aloo'', ''seekh kebab'', ''shami kebab'', ''rumali roti'' and ''bakarkhani''. Refugees from Punjab who settled in Delhi after partition brought their own style of cooking. Moti Mahal, a ''dhaba'' in Daryaganj, introduced ''tandoori chicken'' and then went on to invent butter chicken and ''dal makhani''. Madhur found Punjabi food's simplicity and freshness very enticing and routinely picked up tandoori food from Moti Mahal for family picnics. At school, the subject of domestic science included learning dishes like blancmange, whose bland taste drove Madhur to dismiss the cookery lessons as preparing "British invalid foods from circa 1930". However, at the time of the practical examination, her class was asked to make a dish from an assortment of potatoes, tomatoes, onions, garlic, ginger and Indian spices in a pot over wood to be lit with matches. Madhur did her best but guessed that she failed the subject of domestic science altogether. Madhur and her cousins would regularly answer summons from the nearby All India Radio station for parts in radio plays or children's programs. As she was paid a small fee for each session, Madhur considered this to be her first professional work. Meanwhile, Madhur's father had moved to Daurala as general manager of Daurala Sugar Works, a factory owned by family friends, the Shri Ram family. Madhur, along with her brothers, her younger sister, Veena, and her mother remained behind in Delhi in to avoid disrupting the children's education. During this period, Madhur's elder sisters were at boarding school in Nainital. In the letters that they exchanged with their siblings and cousins at Delhi, they addressed each other only by their initials. This tradition cemented over time so that Madhur became ''M'' for her circle of close friends and family. Madhur's father eventually returned from Daurala and joined Delhi Cloth Mills, a textile factory owned by the Shri Ram family. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Madhur Jaffrey」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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